1 10 616 https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/dbf1c030b15ac760f1045f10e04cd692.jpg f1bd794ff5864e7525eac374e4eb7e2a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Medievalism Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Irish Identity--Medievalism--Nostalgia Description An account of the resource A collection of items detailing the medievalisms of Lough Derg's pilgrimage, the continuing process of creating the Middle Ages through the lake and its islands. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James L. Smith Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital Derg: A Deep Map Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY, sui generis database Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Omeka Collection Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Digital Collection Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Lough Derg Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Map Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Hybernia Nunc Irlant Subject The topic of the resource Map--Sixteenth century--Ireland--Purgatory Description An account of the resource A map of Ireland including the prominent location of The Purgatory of Saint Patrick. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Lafréri, Antoine (1512-1577) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Cartes et plans, CPL GE DD-2987 (2612) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1500-99 (est. 1550-60) Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tooley, "Maps in Italian Atlases of the Sixteenth Century", in Imago Mundi, 3, 1939, p. 34, [318] Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public Domain Relation A related resource https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40618265s; https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40618264f Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource 34 x 25 cm Language A language of the resource Latin Type The nature or genre of the resource Manuscript map Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0001 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40769461d Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.6083, -7.8714 Bibliothèque nationale de France cartography Ireland Map pilgrimage sixteenth century St. Patrick Ulster https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/9734348d3ac5afd0bc9c2c8b1c8e59a0.jpg 35530b813891e992af534f60db4e258a Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Archipelagos Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Ulster--Lakes--Archipelagos Description An account of the resource This collection explores the chain of lake archipelagos that characterise the north of Ireland, and the historical and environmental contours of religious life in, around and through inland archipelagos. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James L. Smith Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital Derg: A Deep Map Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY 4.0 International License, sui generis database Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Omeka Collection Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Deep Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ulster Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Etching, illustration in book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Pilgrims being transported to Station Island on Lough Derg Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Station Island--Pilgrimage--Boating--Transportation Description An account of the resource Pilgrims getting rowed to Station Island on Lough Derg, County Donegal, Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Frederick Wakeman (1822-1900) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Scanned from D. Canon O'Connor: St. Patrick's Purgatory, Lough Derg, James Duffy and Co., Dublin 1903, plate facing p. 208 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available James Duffy and Co., Dublin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Etching: during the life of W.F. Wakeman Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Wikimedia commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Print book Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Pilgrimage Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0002 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Frederick_Wakeman_Lough_Derg.png Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.606912, -7.860865 etching lake crossing photography pilgrimage St. Patrick Station Island https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/77258d2c7da19f868b8f87c0c4f5b46a.jpg e37848d9a202cfb43288285a30b39514 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Archipelagos Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Ulster--Lakes--Archipelagos Description An account of the resource This collection explores the chain of lake archipelagos that characterise the north of Ireland, and the historical and environmental contours of religious life in, around and through inland archipelagos. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James L. Smith Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital Derg: A Deep Map Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY 4.0 International License, sui generis database Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Omeka Collection Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Deep Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ulster Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Etching, illustration in book Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saints Island on Lough Derg Description An account of the resource Landscape etching of Saints Island on Lough Derg, County Donegal, Ireland Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource William Frederick Wakeman (1822-1900) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Scanned from D. Canon O'Connor: St. Patrick's Purgatory, Lough Derg, James Duffy and Co., Dublin 1903, plate facing p. 141. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available James Duffy and Co., Dublin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource Etching: during the life of W.F. Wakeman Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Wikimedia commons Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Print book Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Pilgrimage Still Image Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0003 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:William_Frederick_Wakeman_Saints_Island.png Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.6153, -7.8864 Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Saints Island--Landscape depiction--Etching boating etching landscape pilgrimage Saints Island St. Patrick https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/9bdbead88f207d88039885e07ec1529c.jpg 8b8a6bcc76da552dbb1464aa594dea7b Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Digitised manuscript Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ernest Crawford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Mr B. Crawford Location The location of the interview Cullion, County Donegal Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Crowd-sourced transcription (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Historical Traditions Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Folklore--St. Patrick--Salmon Description An account of the resource A folklore account of St. Patrick and the salmon of Lough Derg Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ernest Crawford Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Schools’ Collection, Volume 1030, Page 367 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Folklore Collection, UCD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-39 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource duchas.ie, hosting and crowd-sourced transcription Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Transcribed text and digitised manuscript Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history, folklore Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0004 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428265/4389733/4477981 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.616218, -7.876212 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) County Donegal Cullion Folklore Gortnessy Oral History Salmon St. Patrick https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/49c0853d782b274183ef5e7e35930623.jpg 79b09c9b5b841f0c1bedf7d15876e592 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Siúracha Naomh Lughbhaidh Location The location of the interview Bundoran, County Donegal Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Crowd-sourced transcription (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource St. Patrick's well at Tullaghan Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Folklore--Holy Well--Tullaghan Description An account of the resource "St. Patrick’s Well at Tullaghan has a legend. St Patrick stopped the night in a house near a mountain. The woman told him not to look at the light on the mountain, but he went up and saw a serpent and when he struck it, St. Patrick’s Well sprang up. He killed it at Lough Derg and its blood gave the Lough its colour." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Siúracha Naomh Lughbhaidh Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Schools’ Collection, Volume 1026, Page 024 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Folklore Collection, UCD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-39 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource duchas.ie, hosting and crowd-sourced transcription Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Transcribed text and digitised manuscript Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history, folklore Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0005 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428247/4388240/4455986 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.469479, -8.329220 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC 4.0 International License blood Bundoran County Donegal etymology Folklore holy well mountains St. Patrick Tullaghan https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/5366e81dbbe1c8a16f73aba2f2a7ea43.jpg 8b8a6bcc76da552dbb1464aa594dea7b Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewer The person(s) performing the interview Ernest Crawford Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Mrs B. Crawford Location The location of the interview Cullion, County Donegal Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Rathnacross Fairy Fort Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Folklore--Fairy Fort--Rathnacross Description An account of the resource "There is a circular fence of earth on top of a hill in the school district. It is known as Rathnacross and is situated in the townland of Drumawark. There is a hole in the middle of it where a Celtic cross stood but it is broken now and the remains of it are in Carne graveyard. The cross was a land-mark on the way to Lough Derg and it was also a mark of the boundary of the Terman lands which once belonged to the monks who lived on the island of Lough Day. Some men have dug up some clay in the centre of the circle and have found blackened flag stones where beacon fires had been lit. These fires were also used as a land mark. All the people travelled on foot to Lough Derg at that time and used an old road which passes Rathnacross. The fairy-people were supposed to live in this rath and it was said that if a person spoke to them he would be taken away on a white horse and never be let down off him." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Ernest Crawford Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Schools’ Collection, Volume 1030, Page 341 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Folklore Collection, UCD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-39 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource duchas.ie, hosting and crowd-sourced transcription Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Transcribed text and digitised manuscript Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history, folklore Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0006 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428265/4389705/4477938 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.581320,-7.814409 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY-NC 4.0 International License Drumawark Townland fairy fort Folklore High Cross hills marker pilgrim road pilgrimage Rathnacross Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Academic monograph Text Any textual data included in the document "The thousands - or, if we could but count them, perhaps millions - of pilgrims who have visited the Purgatory since Owein's sojourn in the 12th century probably reached it along the same road. One so-called ring-fort, Rathnacross in the townland of Drumawarke, is traditionally said to have been on the route to the Purgatory, and an old pilgrim's road is still pointed out bordering the south-western part of the lake and leading to the shore opposite Saint's Island, where an ancient wooden bridge formerly joined the island to the mainland." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Description An account of the resource A description of the pilgrim road from Rathnacross to Saints Island. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Peter Harbison Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Harbison, Peter, Pilgrimage in Ireland: The Monuments and the People, p. 58 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Syracuse University Press Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1995 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Academic monograph Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource History Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0007 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Citation for the purposes of criticism Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.581320,-7.814409 Title A name given to the resource The Rathnacross to Saints Island pilgrim road Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Pilgrim road--Rathnacross--Saints Island bridge Drumawark Townland High Cross pilgrim road pilgrimage Rathnacross Saints Island https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/4e66245fd54c0c52e6ef34ba16cd4a78.jpg e5432b1f61da1ad82a9999b03dcfaf6d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Archipelagos Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Ulster--Lakes--Archipelagos Description An account of the resource This collection explores the chain of lake archipelagos that characterise the north of Ireland, and the historical and environmental contours of religious life in, around and through inland archipelagos. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James L. Smith Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Digital Derg: A Deep Map Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2020 Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC BY 4.0 International License, sui generis database Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Omeka Collection Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Deep Map Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Ulster Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Text Any textual data included in the document Caption: "Saint Bridget's Chair stands close to the water's edge, and which, it is said, whoever once sits, is ever after preserved from accident and sudden death." Located between pp. 3-4 Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Etching Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Saint Bridget's Chair Subject The topic of the resource Holy Wells--Travelogues--Philip Dixon Hardy--Etching Description An account of the resource Caption: "Saint Bridget's Chair stands close to the water's edge, and which, it is said, whoever once sits, is ever after preserved from accident and sudden death." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Engraved for Philip Dixon Hardy, 1794-1875 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hardy, Philip Dixon, The Holy Wells of Ireland : Containing an Authentic Account of Those Various Places of Pilgrimage and Penance Which Are Still Annually Visited by Thousands of the Roman Catholic Peasantry. With a Minute Description of the Patterns and Stations Periodically Held in Various Districts of Ireland. Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hardy & Walker, Dublin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digitised by archive.org, sponsored by Boston Public Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Monograph Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Holy wells Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0008 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. http://archive.org/details/holywellsofirela00hard Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.600466, -7.863156 accidents Bridget's Chair Philip Dixon Hardy pilgrimage prayer shoreline Station Island https://digitalderg.eu/files/original/12f3ac7788a6cff11f171ba569374bb1.jpg 5ecfb194313276129e708f4d500c2854 Oral History A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge. Interviewee The person(s) being interviewed Adhamhnan Mag Fhionntaigh, age 13 Location The location of the interview Burn's Mountain, County Donegal Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Crowd-sourced transcription (English) Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Sliabh Dubh Holy Well Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Folklore--St. Patrick--Holy Wells Description An account of the resource "About eight miles from the Four Masters’ School in Byrne’s mountain on the old foot-road across Croney to Lough Derg is a Holy Well called [Sliab Dub ?]. ( ½ ml. from the Donegal-Tyrone border) Local tradition says that as Saint Patrick was going to 'The Island' he got thirsty and he came upon a spring well. He drank out of it and then he blessed it. There is a cure for toothache sore-heads and sore legs at this Holy Well. When anyone takes away a bottle of the water it must be corked with rushes from the well-side. An old rag or some such thing is supposed to be left at the Well after a visit." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Adhamhnan Mag Fhionntaigh Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived The Schools’ Collection, Volume 1035, Page 199 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available National Folklore Collection, UCD Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1937-39 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource duchas.ie, hosting and crowd-sourced transcription Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource CC-BY NC 4.0 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Transcribed text and digitised manuscript Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Oral history, folklore Oral History Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0009 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. https://www.duchas.ie/en/cbes/4428281/4391441/4478790 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.698941,-8.081152 Annals of the Four Masters Folklore headache healing holy well mountains offering pilgrim road sore joints St. Patrick toothache Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Monograph text Text Any textual data included in the document "The time of remaining on the Island has, in latter times, been reduced to three days — and the period of confinement in the prison to twelve hours. After quitting the prison, and before leaving the island, it was formerly the practice to go into the water, and, being stark naked, wash their whole bodies, and more particularly the head, to signify that they were entirely cleansed from their sins. This part of the ceremony is now dispensed with." Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Full immersion at the water station Subject The topic of the resource Lough Derg--Station Island--Pilgrimage--Immersion Description An account of the resource "After quitting the prison, and before leaving the island, it was formerly the practice to go into the water, and, being stark naked, wash their whole bodies, and more particularly the head, to signify that they were entirely cleansed from their sins..." Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Philip Dixon Hardy, 1794-1875 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Hardy, Philip Dixon, The Holy Wells of Ireland : Containing an Authentic Account of Those Various Places of Pilgrimage and Penance Which Are Still Annually Visited by Thousands of the Roman Catholic Peasantry. With a Minute Description of the Patterns and Stations Periodically Held in Various Districts of Ireland, p. 7 Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Hardy & Walker, Dublin Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1840 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Digitised by archive.org, sponsored by Boston Public Library Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Monograph Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Holy wells Text Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context DD_0010 References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. http://archive.org/details/holywellsofirela00hard Rights Information about rights held in and over the resource Public domain Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 54.609062, -7.871015 baptism cleansing discontinued practices immersion Philip Dixon Hardy pilgrimage Station Island swimming water station