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              <text>"It is almost incredible what crowds visit this island annually, during the months of June, July, and August—it being no unusual thing to see from 900 to 1000 persons of both sexes upon it at one and the same time—an extraordinary circumstance, when it is considered that the island does not measure more than three hundred paces in any direction. They are ferried across in a boat, which can carry seventy or eighty persons at once, for which they are charged 6½d ; each and yet so inadequate is this conveyance to the purpose, that the shores of the lake are frequently covered with persons waiting their turn — the greater number of whom have arrived from very distant places, many from England, some from France, and others all the way from America. It has been justly observed by an intelligent writer, that a painter who wished to make a drawing of the river Styx, the ferryman and his boat, with the groupes [sic] of expectant shades on the banks, could not find a better bodying forth of that imaginary scene than is presented by Lough Dergh."</text>
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                <text>The business of ferrying pilgrims to Station Island</text>
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                <text>"It is almost incredible what crowds visit this island annually, during the months of June, July, and August—it being no unusual thing to see from 900 to 1000 persons of both sexes upon it at one and the same time..."</text>
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                <text>Hardy, Philip Dixon, The Holy Wells of Ireland : Containing an Authentic Account of Those Various Places of Pilgrimage and Penance Which Are Still Annually Visited by Thousands of the Roman Catholic Peasantry. With a Minute Description of the Patterns and Stations Periodically Held in Various Districts of Ireland, pp. 6-7</text>
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              <text>"We cannot permit the circumstance of a Roman Catholic priest constructing a fictitious Lough Dearg in his Chapel for the use of his people, when prevented going to the real one, to pass without a word or two of remark. The Priest who did this, had regularly, at former periods, allowed such of his flock as desired it, to incur the fatigue and expense necessarily attendant upon making a journey of many miles to that place of supposed sanctity, Lough Dearg. But when his Bishop forbade their admission there, he makes forsooth a hole in his Chapel floor, fills it with water, sticks crucifixes around, and tells them that they may wash there, and be as clean every whit as at the other. In one or other then of these he must have been a deceiver. Either there was no superior efficacy in the lake-water, &amp;c. so in permitting them to toil and labour to it, he suffered them to incur most unnecessary bodily inflictions, or else there really was, and so in passing the water of his puddle-hole upon them for a substitute, he put a plain cheat upon them. We speak here, judging this man’s conduct as a Roman Catholic might judge it, who believes in the peculiar sacredness of some places above others, and that the washing in particular water, or saying prayers and doing penances at particular places, are profitable for cleansing the soul from sin. &#13;
&#13;
It is ignorance alone which supports the idea so unhappily propagated by the Church of Rome, that rocks, and wells, and caves, and lakes, afford peculiar facilities of approach to the throne of grace; need we then wonder that the Romish Laity are studiously kept in darkness? for by the light of Scripture how many profitable delusions would at once be dissipated."</text>
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                <text>Fictitious Lough Derg in the Chapel of Monea, Diocese of Clogher</text>
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              <text>"A little tract, that bears the title of 'Hindooism in Ireland,' notices a Station which was some time since established at Coronea, county of Cavan ; A few devotees, not satisfied with an annual pilgrimage to Loughderg, commenced similar rounds to those which are performed there, in the chapel of Coronea, county Cavan. They cut circles in the chapel floor ; and chalked figures on the walls, in imitation of the beds, crosses, altars, stones, &amp;c. at Loughderg, giving names accordingly to each circle and to each mark on the wall, and appointing the same number of prayers, bowings, crossings, &amp;c. to be practised at each, that were enjoined at such parts of the station at Loughderg, as each circle or mark might be designed to represent. &#13;
&#13;
The plan of this station is described as follows: — A large painted wooden cross is hung on the chapel wall, to the right of the altar. Three circles are marked on the chapel floor also on the right; and as many on the left side of the same altar, with a large circle dedicated to St. Patrick, in the centre of the building. The other circles are called after Sts. Brennan, Catherine, Bridget, Columb, Avit, and Blossett. There is a stone on the right of the altar, dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and pictures are hung at short distances on the walls of the chapel, representing the different stages of our Lord’s crucifixion ; at each of which a certain number of Pater Nosters, &amp;c. must be repeated. Every pilgrim strips off his hat, shoes, and stockings, before he enters the chapel; and on entering the door must fancy that he is entering the holy island of Loughderg. After various ceremonies, he is to put his shoulder to the wooden cross, and fancying that he takes it up, he must suppose that he carries it with him while he goes seven times round the walls of the Chapel inside; in imitation of the manner in which Jericho was encompassed by the Israelites. He then goes round the different circles, some five, some seven times; inside and outside: sometimes walking, and at other times performing his circuits on his knees. He then repairs to the stone dedicated to the Virgin Mary, in approaching which, though still on the dry chapel floor, he must imagine that he is wading through the water of Loughderg, under the idea of drowning his sins in this imaginary water, as Moses did his enemies in the Red Sea. — These, with a variety of evolutions, prayers, &amp;c. too numerous to be mentioned, complete what is termed a station: three of these stations must be performed every day of his pilgrimage, which continues for three, six, and even nine days and a night. During all this time the pilgrim takes but a single meal of bread and water each day. Here too, as at Loughderg, he must fancy that the water which he drinks is changed into wine."</text>
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              <text>"An early writer describing the place, says — 'As soon as the pilgrims come within sight of the holy island, they pull off their shoes and stockings, and uncover their heads, and walk thus with their beads in one hand, and sometimes a cross in the other, to the lake-side, from whence they are wafted over, paying every one six-pence for their freight. After landing, they go immediately to the Prior, and humbly ask his blessing ; and then to St. Patrick’s Altar, where, kneeling down, they say one Pater, one Ave, and one creed. Rising up, they kiss the stone of the Altar, and from thence go into the Chapel, where they say three Paters, three Aves, and one Creed. Then, beginning at a corner of the chapel, they walk round it and St. Patrick’s Altar seven times, saying a decad (that is ten ave Marys, and one pater noster) every round. In the first and last circuit, they kiss the cross that is before the chapel, and touch it with their shoulders, the last circuit. Next, they go to the penitential beds, every one of which they surround thrice outwardly saying three paters, three aves, and one creed. Then kneeling, they say three paters, three aves, and one creed. After which they enter the bed, and circuiting it thrice in the inside, they say three paters, three aves, and one creed ; which done, they kneel and say again, three paters, three aves, and one creed. All this must be performed at each bed. Leaving the penal beds, they go to the water’s edge, saying five paters, five aves, and one creed. From the water they return to the chapel, where they repeat the lady’s psalter, (which consists of fifty aves, and five paters, and, according to some, of one hundred and fifty aves and fifteen paters.) And thus they finish one station, which must be performed thrice a day , about sun-rising, noon, and sun-setting ; no other food but bread and water being allowed the pilgrims. On the ninth day, the prior'puts the pilgrims into the prison, a place into which the light of day is not allowed to enter, and which has been substituted for the cave now closed up, where they are closely shut up for twenty-four hours. During this time, all manner of refreshment is kept from them, and they are debarred of the liberty of answering the necessities of nature ; but, above all things, they are cautioned not to sleep, the prior telling them, that the devil will certainly carry them away, if he should catch them napping.'"</text>
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              <text>From Mr. Inglis's "A Journey throughout Ireland” in 1834.&#13;
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“I was considerably surprised when, upon my remarking, that with only one meal of bread and water in twenty four-hours, the pilgrims must become faint, the women with whom I was speaking, said, 'Oh, no! the wine revives us, and gives us strength.' &#13;
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'Wine!' said I ; 'then you have wine : who pays for the wine?' 'Oh,' said she, 'it costs nothing ; but I see your honour doesn’t understand'. And then she explained to me the pleasant contrivance by which the pilgrims are regaled with wine, free of expense to them of any body else. The water of the lake is boiled, and, being blessed, is called wine ; and it is given to the faint and greedy pilgrims as hot as they are able to swallow it. One of the women showed me her lips, covered with blisters from the heat of the 'wine' she had drunk ; and, no longer doubt of the fillip it must give to one’s sensations, to have some half boiling water poured into an empty stomach. I was assured the effect was wonderful ; and I well believe it.”</text>
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              <text>"Upon an ill day was sin done on the island of the cave itself, and was long remembered as the beginning of many sorrows to Derg. It happened in this wise. There was a certain Crusader, Ugolino, who, with his humble squire, had fought valiantly against the hateful Saladin. In time the squire, though of meaner rank, became the bosom friend of his master, but the latter was no little displeased when he learnt that his sister, Madeleine, had turned eyes of love upon him. In the bitter end their love continued, and Ugolino, rather than let his proud blood mingle with any of lowlier stock, slew his own sister. Filled with an anguish of remorse he fled out of his own country to the ends of the world. As he had won glory in the east he now turned for his penance to the west. By land and sea and fen he made his way to the islands that lay in the setting sun. Yet one followed him by every path and journey, his once faithful squire, bearing in his bosom a dagger still stained with Madeleine's blood. The chase was close and hot, though the pursued had no idea that any one was following his tracks. When he reached Derg the avenger was upon him, and missed slaying him at the ferry-house by but a minute's breath. Ugolino reached the holy island in safety. &#13;
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That night an angry man watched from the woods, baulked of his desire. &#13;
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The next day Ugolino was praying on the stone beds at sunset, crying for peace even at the price of his own blood. His prayer was strangely heard. Quick as a hawk a figure passed aside from a passing train of pilgrims and buried a dagger to the hilt in his shoulders. Then it leapt into the shadowy waters and disappeared for ever. &#13;
&#13;
This was the first blood-shedding on the holy island, and it was the beginning of countless sorrow. As for Derg, the Saints in heaven could no longer bless her stony beds. The holy island was quitted by men as well. For a while the natives took their prayers to Saint's Island where the semblance of the old prison cave was built, but even this in time was closed by order of the Holy Father in Rome. After a while they re- turned to the other island, but it was only to see their shrines polluted and their sanctuary levelled, for Ireland had entered upon her long and anguished prison night."</text>
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