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10
3
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Cashelnavean Bog NHA consists primarily of upland blanket bog and is located in Barnesmore Gap, 8 km south-west of Ballybofey in Co. Donegal. It is situated mostly in the townlands of Cashelnavean and Croaghonagh. The site forms part of the catchment area for the Sruhanderg River that drains into Lough Mourne, east of the site. The lower part of this river divides the bog into northern and southern halves. A second smaller stream drains the northern portion of the bog into Lough Sallagh. Coniferous forestry plantations form most of the boundary on the northern, western and southern parts of the site. The road to Ballybofey forms the boundary along much of the eastern side. Bedrock geology is metamorphic sandstone and the altitude of the site ranges from 180 m to 252 m.
The site consists mainly of upland blanket bog with areas of wet heath, re-vegetated cutover, an infilling lake and wet quaking areas. The heath vegetation is mostly confined to the higher ridge that runs in a north-east/south-west direction along the centre of the site. Flat plateau areas hold deep blanket peat with pool systems while the lower lying area along the western boundary holds quaking areas and an infilling lake.
Characteristic species on the wet plateau areas include White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba), Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), Star Sedge (Carex echinata) and Deergrass (Scirpus caespitosus). The presence of bog mosses accounts for approximately 40 % of ground cover, consisting mainly of Sphagnum cuspidatum, S. auriculatum and S. papillosum, with S. capillifolium forming hummocks around the pools. Also common are the Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), Great Sundew (D. anglica) and cushions of lichen, Cladonia portentosa. Deeper pools contain Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata), Bog-sedge (Carex limosa) and Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor).
Occasional isolated hummocks stand up to 1.5 m high, carrying species such as Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Bell Heather (Erica cinerea), Purple Moor-grass, Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile), Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and mats of Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum). Cushions of the mosses Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hylocomium splendens, and Rhytidiadelphus loreus also occur. The presence of the locally occurring species, Juniper (Juniperus communis), in this vegetation, is of significant interest.
Drier land at the higher, rockier altitudes has shallower peat with a vegetation more characteristic of heathland, being dominated by Ling Heather, Bell Heather, Heath Rush (Juncus squarrosus), and Purple Moor-grass. The cutover slopes along the main road are wet and are dominated by Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale). Bog mosses are also present (approximately 35 % of ground cover), consisting mainly of Sphagnum cuspidatum, S. subnitens and S. papillosum. In the wetter, low-lying areas along the streams and infilling lake, sedges occur, such as Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata) and Bog-sedge (Carex limosa), with Common Reed (Phragmites australis), Bog Pondweed (Potomogeton polygonifolius) and Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans).
Red Grouse, an Irish Red Data Book species occurs on the site. Fox and Snipe also occur.
The site is potentially threatened by the possible expansion of coniferous plantation forestry. A degree of disturbance has also resulted from sheep grazing, both along the eastern slopes and the wetter, western boundary, with bare patches of peat and low peat hags resulting. Both activities can cause drying of the peat and loss of characteristic bog flora.
Cashelnavean Bog NHA is a site of considerable conservation significance. It contains a good example of upland blanket bog. The site is reasonably diverse in terms of species and communities due to local variation rather than large scale diversity. Blanket bog habitat is a globally scarce resource. It is largely confined to coastal regions at temperate latitudes with cool, wet, oceanic climates. North-west Europe contains some of the best-developed areas of blanket bog in the world. The most extensive areas are found in Ireland and Britain. Upland blanket bogs, due to their exposure to severe climatic conditions at high elevations, are particularly vulnerable to erosion by human activities and extensive areas are currently undergoing active erosion due mainly to overgrazing. The current area of intact upland blanket bog in Ireland represents only a fraction of the original resource, due to the combined impacts of afforestation and overgrazing, and intact examples are therefore extremely valuable for nature conservation. Their long-term survival requires sensitive management.
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Title
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Cashelnavean Bog Natural Heritage Area
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lough Derg--Region--Cashelnavean Bog--Heritage Area
Description
An account of the resource
A description of the Cashelnavean Bog Natural Heritage Area (NHA)
Creator
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National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Source
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Site Synopsis, Cashelnavean Bog Natural Heritage Area (NHA) entry
Publisher
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National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Date
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27 January 2004
Format
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Natural Heritage Area (NHA) entry
Language
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English
Type
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Identifier
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DD_0449
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
54.7511, -7.92523
Rights
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CC BY 4.0 International License
References
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Site code: 000122
Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
biodiversity
Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans)
blanket bog
Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum)
Bog Myrtle (Myrica gale)
Bog Pondweed (Potamogeton polygonifolius)
Bog Sedge (Carex limosa)
Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata)
bogland
Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata)
Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium)
Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
conifer plantations
Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix)
Crowberry (Empetrum nigrum)
Deergrass (Scirpus caespitosus)
dryness
Great Sundew (D. anglica)
Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile)
Heath Rush (Juncus squarrosus)
Juniper (Juniperus communis)
Lesser Bladderwort (Utricularia minor)
Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Purple Moor-grass
Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia)
sphagnum moss
Star Sedge (Carex echinata)
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta)
vicinity
White Beak-sedge (Rhynchospora alba)
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Barnesmore Bog NHA is an area of upland blanket bog and heath in south Co. Donegal. It extends from Barnesmore Mountain in the north to Clogher Hill in the south and from the lower slopes of Croaghmeen and Croaghakeadew in the west to the Donegal/Tyrone border in the east. The site is bound to the north-west by the main road from Donegal to Ballybofey. The western boundary of the site extends down the slopes of Croaghmeen and Croaghakeadew as far as improved agricultural fields and overgrazed bog. Mature forestry plantations border the eastern, southern and northern parts of the site. Part of the eastern boundary of the site runs between Lough Innaghachola and Loughnaweelagh along the border between Co. Donegal and Co. Tyrone. A wind power installation and associated access roads, which occupies part of Croaghakeadew Mountain (398 m) on the west and extends eastwards to Loughnaweelagh, northwards to Lough Namaddy, and southwards to just north of Lough Naleaghany, has been excluded from the site.
The site has an altitude range 150 m to 450 m, Barnesmore Mountain being the highest point. The western part of the site is drained by tributaries of the Lowerymore River and the eastern part of the site by Camowen Burn and the Leaghany River, the latter watercourses flowing into Lough Derg. Bedrock geology consists of schist and gneiss.
The site is a complex mosaic of upland blanket bog, wet heath and flushes developed on a series of granite ridges connected by gently sloping terrain and incorporating a number of streams. Over twenty relatively nutrient-poor lakes occur within the site, the largest being Lough Golagh, Lough Slug, Lough Atlieve, Lough Namaddy, Lough Nabrackboy and Loughnaweelagh. The blanket bog reaches its greatest extent on the gently undulating slopes on the western, north-western and southern parts of the site.
The vegetation consists of a relatively intact assemblage of blanket bog species, including Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix), Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia), Great Sundew (D. anglica), Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium), Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans), Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus), Bog-myrtle (Myrica gale), Tormentil (Potentilla erecta), Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea), Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum), Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) and Fir Clubmoss (Huperzia selago).
There are occasional bog pools on the site colonised with Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata) and Bog Sedge (Carex limosa) grading into quaking bog-moss lawns of Sphagnum papillosum, S. cuspidatum and S. auriculatum at the pool margins together with sundews and Marsh Violet.
Bog mosses are locally frequent throughout the site as hummock/hollow complexes (Sphagnum subnitens, S. papillosum, S. capillifolium, S. compactum, S. auriculatum and S. cuspidatum), quaking lawns and flushes (S. recurvum) or on localised areas of bare peat (S. tenellum). Other mosses include large hummocks of Racomitrium lanuginosum, Hypnum jutlandicum, Pleurozium schreberi and Campylopus atrovirens. Liverworts characteristic of blanket bogs include Mylia taylori and Odontoschisma sphagni.
Lichens on the bog surface include Cladonia portentosa, C. uncialis and C. subcervicornis.
Other habitats on the site include scrub along stream corridors, dry heath, wet heath, acid grassland on peaty soil, lakes, streams and flushes. Regenerating cutover with deep pools occurs west of Lough Slug.
There is variation in the species composition and abundance of the aquatic flora in the lakes depending on exposure, water depth and the nutrient status of the lake waters. The aquatic flora of the lakes includes Broad-leaved pondweed (Potamogeton natans), Bladderwort (Utricularia sp.), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), Quillwort (Isoetes lacustris), Water Horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile), stands of Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata) and Bogbean.
Flushes with a diverse flora occur throughout the site, along the stream corridors and in the vicinity of lakes and at the base of and on slopes. Vegetation includes stands of rushes (Juncus effusus, J. conglomeratus, J. acutiflorus), Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre), Purple Moor-grass, Black Bog-rush, Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris), Star Sedge (Carex echinata), Lesser Spearwort, Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis), Bulbous Rush (Juncus Bulbosus), Marsh Violet, Bog Pondweed (Potamogeton polygonifolius) and Common Butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris).
There are patches of dry heath on the drier banks of the streams or on steep slopes with a thinner soil notably the eastern slopes of Barnesmore Gap and the north-eastern side of Lough Nabrackboy. The vegetation of these areas includes Tormentil, Ling Heather, Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant), Heath Milkwort (Polygala serpyllifolia), Bell Heather (Erica cinerea), Green-ribbed Sedge (Carex binervis), Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetosella), wood-rushes (Luzula multiflora, L. sylvatica) and Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum).
Acid grassland/wet heath mosaics occurs on thinner mineral/peat soils on the slopes of Croaghmeen, to the west of the site, and the hill slopes north-east of Lough Slug. These are characterised by Mat Grass (Nardus stricta), Sweet Vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum), Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile), Green-ribbed Sedge, Sheep’s Fescue (Festuca ovina), Devil’s-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis), Velvet Bent (Agrostis canina), Heath Grass (Danthonia decumbens) and the mosses Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens and Polytrichum commune.
Irish Hare, Badger, Red Grouse, Golden Plover, Peregrine Falcon and Common Frog occur on the site. Peregrine Falcon nest on the steep slopes of Barnesmore Gap. These are all Irish Red Data Book species.
In general the blanket bog resource has decreased in the Barnesmore Gap area due to extensive afforestation on the eastern, northern and southern sides of the site.
Relatively recent land uses on the western periphery of the site include localised heavy grazing by sheep.
Apart from very localised damage, Barnesmore Bog NHA is a site of considerable conservation significance containing a very large area of relatively intact upland blanket bog with virtually no peat extraction or overgrazing. This site supports a good diversity of blanket bog microhabitats including hummock/hollow complexes and flushes. Other habitats on the site include rocky outcrops, dry heath, wet heath, streams, several naturally nutrient-poor lakes that add to the habitat diversity and therefore conservation value of the site. Blanket bog habitat is a globally scarce resource. It is largely confined to coastal regions at temperate latitudes with cool, wet, oceanic climates. North-west Europe contains some of the best-developed areas of blanket bog in the world. The most extensive areas are found in Ireland and Britain. Upland blanket bogs, due to their exposure to severe climatic conditions at high elevations, are particularly vulnerable to erosion by human activities and extensive areas are currently undergoing active erosion due mainly to overgrazing. The current area of intact upland blanket bog in Ireland represents only a fraction of the original resource, due to the combined impacts of afforestation and overgrazing, and intact examples are therefore extremely valuable for nature conservation. Their long-term survival requires sensitive management.
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The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Biodiversity database
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Barnesmore Bog Natural Heritage Area
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lough Derg--Region--Barnesmore Bog--Heritage Area
Description
An account of the resource
A description of the Barnesmore Bog Natural Heritage Area (NHA)
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Site Synopsis, Barnesmore Bog Natural Heritage Area (NHA) entry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
27 January 2004
Format
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Natural Heritage Area (NHA) entry
Language
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English
Type
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Biodiversity database
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
DD_0448
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
54.6929, -7.95004
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
CC BY 4.0 International License
References
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
Site code: 002375
Badger (Meles meles)
Bell Heather (Erica cinerea)
Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus)
biodiversity
Black Bog-rush
Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans)
Bladderwort (Utricularia sp.)
Bog Asphodel (Narthecium ossifragum)
Bog Pondweed (Potamogeton polygonifolius)
Bog Sedge (Carex limosa)
Bog-myrtle (Myrica gale)
Bogbean (Menyanthes trifoliata)
bogland
Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata)
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum)
Broad-leaved Pondweed (Potamogeton natans)
Bulbous Rush (Juncus Bulbosus)
Carnation Sedge (Carex panicea)
Clogher
Common Butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris)
Common Cottongrass (Eriophorum angustifolium)
Common Frog
Cross-leaved Heath (Erica tetralix)
Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus)
Devil’s-bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis)
dryness
Fir Clubmoss (Huperzia selago)
Golden Plover
Great Sundew (D. anglica)
Green-ribbed Sedge
Green-ribbed Sedge (Carex binervis)
Hard Fern (Blechnum spicant)
Heath Bedstraw (Galium saxatile)
Heath Grass (Danthonia decumbens)
Heath Milkwort (Polygala serpyllifolia)
Irish Hare
Lesser Spearwort
Ling Heather
Ling Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Marsh Pennywort (Hydrocotyle vulgaris)
Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre)
Marsh Violet
Mat Grass (Nardus stricta)
Peregrine Falcon
Purple Moor-grass
Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
quaking bog
Quillwort (Isoetes lacustris)
Red Grouse
Round-leaved Sundew (Drosera rotundifolia)
Royal Fern (Osmunda regalis)
Sheep’s Fescue (Festuca ovina)
Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora)
sphagnum moss
Star Sedge (Carex echinata)
Sweet Vernal-grass (Anthoxanthum odoratum)
Tormentil
Tormentil (Potentilla erecta)
Velvet Bent (Agrostis canina)
Water Horsetail (Equisetum fluviatile)
Wood Sorrel (Oxalis acetosella)
wood-rushes (Luzula multiflora L. sylvatica)
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Text
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This site is situated midway between Ballyshannon and Pettigo in south Co. Donegal. Its eastern boundary follows the border between Donegal and Fermanagh. It includes Breesy Hill (264 m), Crumnalannav Hill and several medium-sized lakes (Loughs Golagh, Lee, Unshin, Finn and Cam). Much of the site is underlain by acid gneiss, which commonly outcrops on higher ground. These rocks meet limestone in the northern section of the site, at Lough Golagh and Lough Lee, which are underlain by both rock types.
The site is a Special Area of Conservation (SAC) selected for the following habitats and/or species listed on Annex I / II of the E.U. Habitats Directive (* = priority; numbers in brackets are Natura 2000 codes):
[7130] Blanket Bogs (Active)*
Blanket bog is the main habitat found at this site. This is mostly dominated by Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea), with Heather (Calluna vulgaris), Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus), Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans) and the lichen, Cladonia portentosa, occurring commonly. Pool and hummock systems are found in several areas. Particularly well-developed systems are found in the southern section of the site and on the south-western side of Lough Lee. Of note is the presence in these areas of hummocks of the scarce bog moss Sphagnum imbricatum.
South-west of Breesy Hill is an area of old, re-generating cut-away bog with wet trenches, filled by bog mosses and dry banks colonised by Purple Moor-grass and Heather.
Several streams and lakes occur within the site. Black Bog-rush, Great Fen-sedge (Cladium mariscus) and Common Reed (Phragmites australis), frequently occur in flushed areas by streams. The aquatic vegetation of the lakes includes species such as Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna), Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora), Spiked Water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum), Bog Pondweed (Potamogeton polygonifolius) and the occasional stonewort (e.g. Nitella flexilis). Emergent communities include species such as Common Reed, Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata), Great Fen-sedge and Common Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris).
The geological variation in the substrate of Lough Golagh and Lough Lee adds to the habitat diversity of the site. On the eastern shores of these lakes (underlain by acid gneiss) blanket bog, scrub and heath occur, while on the western margins (underlain by limestone) several areas of base-enriched fen and sedge-rich communities are found. Plant species found in these fen areas include Tufted-sedge (Carex elata), Black
Bog-rush, Common Butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris) and Early-purple Orchid (Orchis
mascula). Blue Moor-grass (Sesleria albicans), Juniper (Juniperis communis), Common
Knapweed (Centaurea nigra) and Bitter-vetch (Lathyrus montanus), among other
species, occur on outcropping limestone by the shores of these lakes.
The site includes a small area of dry, broadleaved, semi-natural woodland
dominated by tall, mature Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea) and Hazel (Corylus avellana).
Active Badger setts occur within the woodland.
An island in Lough Golagh supports a colony of Common Tern (40 pairs in 1984,
9 nesting sites in 1992) and Black-headed Gull (350 pairs in 1977, 256 nesting sites in
1992). The former species is listed on Annex I of the E.U. Birds Directive. Other
birdlife found on the site includes Grey Heron, Kestrel, Raven, Red Grouse, Snipe,
Stonechat and Woodpigeon.
Grazing by sheep and cattle occurs throughout the site, and in some areas this has
resulted in damage to the vegetation cover and peat surface. Peat extraction by
machine has damaged some areas of blanket bog.
Most of the site comprises a largely intact example of upland blanket bog, a priority
habitat listed on Annex I of the E.U. Habitats Directive. The site is contiguous with
an area of blanket bog on the Fermanagh side of the border. The juxtaposition of
acidic and alkaline rock types adds to the botanical and ecological diversity of some
of the lakes on the site. Of additional conservation significance is the presence of the Gull/Tern colony at Lough Golagh.
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Biodiversity database
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Lough Golagh and Breesy Hill Special Area of Conservation
Subject
The topic of the resource
Lough Derg--Region--Lough Golagh--Nature Reserve
Description
An account of the resource
The watershed, geology and wildlife of the Lough Golagh and Breesy Hill Special Area of Conservation
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Site Synopsis, Lough Golagh and Breesy Hill Special Area of Conservation (SAC) entry
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, Ireland
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
16 December 2013
Format
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Special Area of Conservation (SAC) entry
Language
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English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Biodiversity database
Identifier
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DD_0335
Coverage
The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant
54.528, -8.05344
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
CC BY 4.0 International License
References
A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource.
Site Code: 002164
Badger (Meles meles)
biodiversity
Bitter-vetch (Lathyrus montanus)
Black Bog-rush (Schoenus nigricans)
blanket bog
Blue Moor-grass (Sesleria albicans)
Bog Pondweed (Potamogeton polygonifolius)
bogland
Bottle Sedge (Carex rostrata)
Breesy Hill
cattle
Common Butterwort (Pinguicula vulgaris)
Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra)
Common Reed (Phragmites australis)
Common Tern (Sterna hirundo)
Deergrass (Scirpus cespitosus)
dryness
Early-purple Orchid (Orchis mascula)
fauna
flora
gneiss
Great Fen-sedge (Cladium mariscus)
Grey Heron
Gull
Hazel (Corylus avellana)
Heather (Calluna vulgaris)
Juniper (Juniperis communis)
Kestrel
Lichens (Cladonia portentosa and C. uncialis)
limestone
Lough Cam
Lough Finn
Lough Golagh
Lough Lee
Lough Unshin
ommon Club-rush (Scirpus lacustris)
peat extraction
Purple Moor-grass (Molinia caerulea)
Raven
Red Grouse
Sessile Oak (Quercus petraea)
Shoreweed (Littorella uniflora)
snipe
sphagnum moss
Spiked Water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
Stonechat
vicinity
Water Lobelia (Lobelia dortmanna)
Woodpigeon.